Overview
Bipolar disorder is a lifelong condition characterized by episodes of depression and episodes of elevated mood, energy, or irritability. The pattern, severity, and frequency of episodes vary widely between people. Bipolar disorder is treatable, and consistent treatment substantially reduces the impact of episodes. Diagnosis usually involves a careful history over time, which is one reason an evaluation by a psychiatrist or psychiatric nurse practitioner is often recommended rather than a single appointment with any one provider.
Common signs and symptoms
These are commonly reported experiences. Having some of them does not mean you have this condition, and not having them does not mean you do not.
- Periods of unusually elevated mood, energy, or irritability lasting days or longer
- Decreased need for sleep without feeling tired
- Rapid speech, racing thoughts, or jumping between ideas
- Impulsive decisions about money, sex, substances, or travel
- Episodes of deep depression, often following an elevated period
- Marked change from a person's usual behavior, noticed by others
When professional evaluation may help
- You or someone close to you has noticed distinct shifts in mood and energy
- Sleep has changed substantially, especially with increased energy
- You are making decisions you later regret
- Depression has not improved with treatment for depression alone
- There is any risk of harm to yourself or others — seek immediate help
General treatment approaches
Not every approach is appropriate for every person. Treatment decisions should be individualized and made with a qualified professional.
- Psychiatric evaluation
- A thorough evaluation over time helps distinguish bipolar disorder from depression, other conditions, and medication effects. Bring a written history if you can.
- Mood stabilizers and other medication
- Medication is typically central to bipolar disorder treatment. Never start or stop medication without a prescriber's guidance.
- Psychotherapy
- Therapy helps with recognizing early warning signs, maintaining routines, and coping with the effects of mood episodes.
- Structured support and peer programs
- Peer support groups and family education programs can help with the practical and emotional demands of a long-term condition.
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