Overview
Obsessive-compulsive disorder involves obsessions — unwanted and distressing thoughts, images, or urges — and compulsions, which are behaviors or mental acts a person feels driven to perform to reduce anxiety or prevent something bad from happening. OCD is not about being neat or careful; it is a distressing condition that can consume hours of a person's day. It is treatable, and specialized treatment makes a meaningful difference. Many people wait years before seeking help because of shame, which is unnecessary.
Common signs and symptoms
These are commonly reported experiences. Having some of them does not mean you have this condition, and not having them does not mean you do not.
- Intrusive thoughts or images that feel impossible to dismiss
- Repeated handwashing, checking, counting, or arranging
- Mental rituals such as reviewing, praying, or repeating words silently
- Needing things to be symmetrical, exact, or 'just right'
- Seeking reassurance repeatedly from others
- Avoiding situations that trigger intrusive thoughts
When professional evaluation may help
- Rituals or intrusive thoughts take up an hour or more each day
- You are late, avoiding commitments, or unable to concentrate because of symptoms
- You are hiding symptoms from people close to you
- Family members are being drawn into your rituals
- Symptoms are getting worse over time
General treatment approaches
Not every approach is appropriate for every person. Treatment decisions should be individualized and made with a qualified professional.
- Exposure and response prevention (ERP)
- ERP is a specialized form of cognitive behavioral therapy and is considered a first-line treatment for OCD. Look for a clinician with specific training in ERP.
- Medication
- Certain medications are used for OCD, often at doses that differ from those used for depression. A qualified prescriber manages this.
- Coordinated care
- For moderate to severe OCD, medication combined with ERP is often recommended. Ask how your providers will coordinate.
- Support and education
- Specialized organizations offer education, provider directories, and peer groups for people with OCD and their families.
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